The Hannibal of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Twain renamed his boyhood Hannibal “St. Petersburg”, but built it exactly: the Mississippi bank, the cave, the graveyard on the hill, Cardiff Hill above the town. Hannibal has marked those spots for tourists ever since, which makes it a rare novel a reader can already walk. It brings Mark Twain and the Mississippi into the atlas.

Author
Mark Twain, 1876
Places
5
Accent colour
“the green valley shining in the sun”

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Ch. 14% in
Tom Sawyer

St. Petersburg (Hannibal), Missouri

Ch. 1 · 4% through the novel

Map of St. Petersburg (Hannibal), Missouri today
Hannibal today
A new-comer of any age or either sex was an impressive curiosity in the poor little shabby village of St. Petersburg.

The whole book is set in this drowsy river town, where a strange boy in a necktie on a week-day is front-page news. Twain renamed his own Hannibal "St. Petersburg" but kept every street of it, and the town has traded on Tom Sawyer ever since.

inspired by"St. Petersburg" is Twain's fictional name for Hannibal, Missouri, the Mississippi river town where Samuel Clemens grew up in the 1840s. The village he describes is Hannibal on the ground; the pin marks the downtown by the river.

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Ch. 25% in
Tom Sawyer

Cardiff Hill (Holliday's Hill)

Ch. 2 · 5% through the novel

Map of Cardiff Hill (Holliday's Hill) today
Hannibal today
Cardiff Hill, beyond the village and above it, was green with vegetation and it lay just far enough away to seem a Delectable Land, dreamy, reposeful, and inviting.

The green hill on the edge of town, the boys' playground for Robin Hood and pirate games, looming over the morning Tom is set to whitewash the fence. Twain drew it straight from Holliday's Hill, whose summit is now crowned by a lighthouse reached by 244 steps.

inspired by"Cardiff Hill" is the novel's name for Holliday's Hill, the wooded rise at the north end of Hannibal above Main Street. The pin marks the Mark Twain Memorial Lighthouse that now stands on its crown.

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Ch. 929% in
Huckleberry Finn

The village graveyard (Old Baptist Cemetery)

Ch. 9 · 29% through the novel

Map of The village graveyard (Old Baptist Cemetery) today
Hannibal today
It was a graveyard of the old-fashioned Western kind. It was on a hill, about a mile and a half from the village. It had a crazy board fence around it, which leaned inward in places, and outward the rest of the time, but stood upright nowhere.

The crooked hilltop burying-ground where Tom and Huck, out at midnight with a dead cat to cure warts, watch Injun Joe murder Doctor Robinson and pin it on drunken Muff Potter. The Old Baptist Cemetery on its hill above Hannibal is the place tradition remembers.

inferredThe book's hilltop graveyard is unnamed. Hannibal tradition identifies it with the Old Baptist Cemetery, established 1837 on a hill at Section and Sumner Streets; the pin marks that hilltop. Twain's own recollection may have been a cemetery a little further out.

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Ch. 1339% in
Huckleberry Finn

Jackson's Island

Ch. 13 · 39% through the novel

Map of Jackson's Island today
Hannibal today
Three miles below St. Petersburg, at a point where the Mississippi River was a trifle over a mile wide, there was a long, narrow, wooded island, with a shallow bar at the head of it, and this offered well as a rendezvous.

The uninhabited island in the river where Tom, Huck and Joe Harper run off to be pirates on a stolen raft, and where the town, thinking them drowned, hears them turn up alive at their own funeral. Twain based it on Glasscock's Island, which he and his friends paddled to as boys.

inferredThe fictional Jackson's Island is drawn from a real wooded island in the Mississippi opposite Hannibal, the Glasscock's Island of Twain's boyhood, today divided and called Pearl Island. The pin marks that island; the novel places its version three miles downstream.

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Ch. 2979% in
Tom Sawyer

McDougal's Cave (Mark Twain Cave)

Ch. 29 · 79% through the novel

Map of McDougal's Cave (Mark Twain Cave) today
Hannibal today
The mouth of the cave was up the hillside—an opening shaped like a letter A. Its massive oaken door stood unbarred. Within was a small chamber, chilly as an icehouse, and walled by Nature with solid limestone that was dewy with a cold sweat.

The labyrinth of crooked limestone aisles where Tom and Becky lose themselves for three days on the picnic, and where Injun Joe, sealed in behind the great door, starves to death. It is a real cave, McDowell's Cave in Twain's day, that has taken his name and drawn visitors for over a century.

inspired by"McDougal's cave" is Twain's name for the real limestone cave south of Hannibal that he knew as McDowell's Cave and that is now the Mark Twain Cave. The pin marks the Mark Twain Cave Complex entrance on Cave Hollow Road.

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